金观平：用好“环境粮票”提高减排效率

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the importance of quotas in the construction of the carbon market, with a clear timeline for the adjustment of quota distribution methods outlined in the recent policy document [1][2][3] - By 2030, a national carbon emissions trading market based on total quota control will be established, combining free and paid distribution methods [1][2] - The transition from intensity control to total control of carbon emissions is highlighted, addressing the limitations of the current intensity-based quota distribution method [1][2] Group 2 - The carbon market's management will cover over 60% of the national carbon emissions after the inclusion of new industries like steel and cement in 2024, making it a key player in achieving carbon reduction targets [2] - The gradual shift from free to paid quota distribution is necessary to enhance market liquidity and reduce excessive volatility, as evidenced by international experiences such as the EU carbon market [2] - The principle of "cost for carbon emissions and benefits for carbon reduction" is emphasized, with the flexibility to adjust paid quota distribution to stabilize market prices and guide reasonable price expectations [2][3] Group 3 - The policy document aims to ensure a balanced and fair quota distribution that encourages advanced companies while pressuring less proactive ones to reduce emissions [3] - Strict regulations and enhanced verification of carbon emissions data are necessary to ensure compliance and traceability of quota usage [3] - The implementation of the policy is expected to accelerate the transition to a market-driven carbon market, serving as a driving force for green transformation [3]