古巴缘何深陷停电危机？

Core Viewpoint - Cuba is facing a severe and ongoing energy crisis characterized by frequent nationwide blackouts, primarily due to aging infrastructure and the impact of long-term U.S. economic sanctions [1][2][3] Group 1: Energy Crisis Overview - The largest thermal power plant in Cuba, Antonio Guiteras, experienced a failure on September 10, 2025, leading to a nationwide blackout, marking the fifth such incident in a year [1] - Blackouts last from several hours to tens of hours, severely impacting healthcare, water supply, and daily life [1] - The average operational lifespan of power generation units in Cuba exceeds 30 years, with frequent failures and significant transmission losses due to outdated infrastructure [1][2] Group 2: Impact of U.S. Sanctions - U.S. sanctions, particularly the 1992 Cuban Democracy Act, have severely restricted Cuba's ability to upgrade its energy infrastructure, preventing access to necessary parts and technical support [2] - The sanctions have created a vicious cycle, making it difficult for the Cuban energy sector to modernize and maintain its facilities [2] - Cuba's energy structure is heavily reliant on traditional fuel thermal power, with a low share of renewable energy, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in international oil prices and supply disruptions [2] Group 3: International Cooperation and Assistance - In response to the energy crisis, Cuba is actively seeking international cooperation, receiving a second batch of generator equipment and parts from China on January 20, 2025 [3] - The assistance from China aims to support critical facilities such as hospitals and water supply systems, reflecting a South-South cooperation model without political conditions [3] - The situation highlights the ethical implications of unilateral sanctions and raises questions about the international community's response to countries whose development rights are restricted due to geopolitical stances [3][4] Group 4: Geopolitical Implications - The ongoing energy crisis in Cuba serves as a geopolitical barometer, measuring not only the stability of power supply but also the broader issues of global development justice [4] - The need for a more just and inclusive international order is emphasized, as temporary aid may not fundamentally resolve the underlying issues caused by sanctions [4]