他移植猪肾后，存活近8个月创纪录！独家对话主刀医生：五年内或成常规手术，下一个突破会是心脏！“器官短缺”困局将被打破？

Core Points - The case of Tim Andrews, a 67-year-old American man, marks a significant milestone in xenotransplantation, as he has survived nearly 8 months after receiving a genetically edited pig kidney transplant, the longest survival time recorded for such a procedure [1][3][4] - The transplant was performed by Dr. Tatsuo Kawai at Massachusetts General Hospital, who believes that pig kidney transplants could become routine surgeries within five years, despite existing challenges [1][5] Group 1: Patient and Procedure Details - Tim Andrews is the fourth patient in the U.S. to receive a genetically edited pig kidney transplant, having been diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease and requiring dialysis for over two years prior to the surgery [3][4] - The pig kidney used in the transplant underwent 69 genomic edits, including 59 to inactivate porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) and 10 to eliminate three types of glycan antigens to prevent hyperacute rejection [3][4] - The transplant has allowed Andrews to stop dialysis, and he is currently on a unique immunosuppressive treatment plan [4][8] Group 2: Research and Future Prospects - The FDA has approved eGenesis to conduct trials involving genetically edited pig kidney transplants in 33 patients aged 50 and above with end-stage kidney disease [1][3] - Dr. Kawai emphasizes the importance of the first six months post-transplant for both patient and organ survival, noting that managing fluid balance and immunosuppressive drug dosages is more complex than in human-to-human transplants [7][8] - The success of Andrews and another patient, Bill Stewart, who has survived three months post-transplant, indicates significant advancements in xenotransplantation technology [4][8] Group 3: Historical Context and Challenges - Historical attempts at xenotransplantation faced severe immune rejection, with survival times ranging from minutes to days in earlier cases involving primate organs [10] - The field of organ transplantation has seen a dramatic increase in success rates over the past four decades, from less than 50% to over 95% for human-to-human transplants [10] - Future breakthroughs in xenotransplantation may include heart transplants, although challenges remain due to the critical condition of patients and the complexity of translating these techniques to clinical applications [10]