财政部：支持科技创新，让科学家拥有更大的科技经费支配权

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is significantly increasing its financial support for technological innovation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on enhancing the integration of technology and industry to achieve high-quality development [3][4]. Financial Investment - National fiscal science and technology expenditure is expected to reach 5.5 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," representing a 34% increase compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan." Key areas of investment include basic research, applied basic research, and national strategic technology tasks [3][4]. - Cumulative investment in basic research is projected to reach 730 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The intensity of R&D investment is expected to rise from 2.41% at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 2.68% by 2024, maintaining the second-largest scale of R&D investment globally [3][4]. Funding Management - The government is exploring new management models for science and technology funding, granting scientists greater autonomy in deciding technical routes, budget allocation, and resource management. For instance, a "package system" is being implemented for basic research projects, allowing project leaders to determine fund usage [3][4]. Technology Transfer - Policies have been adjusted to ensure that researchers enjoy ownership or long-term usage rights of their technological achievements, enabling them to share in the benefits of technology transfer. The government is also innovating procurement systems to guide product innovation and application [4]. - The introduction of insurance compensation policies for first-time products is aimed at promoting the iterative upgrade of innovative products, facilitating the transition from laboratory results to market-ready products [4]. Empowering Enterprises - The government has introduced various fiscal and tax policies to support enterprises in reducing costs, expanding applications, and upgrading transformations. Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," fiscal subsidies for specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises have supported the cultivation of 14,600 such "little giant" companies [4]. - Cumulative tax reductions and exemptions aimed at promoting technological innovation and advanced manufacturing have reached 3.6 trillion yuan, while government-backed financing guarantees have supported over 300,000 small and medium-sized technology enterprises in obtaining approximately 800 billion yuan in loans, with average guarantee fees dropping below 1% [5].