美国能源新政“挂倒挡”的负外部性

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the drastic shift in U.S. energy policy under President Trump, moving away from renewable energy sources like solar and wind, while favoring traditional fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, leading to significant implications for both domestic energy markets and global climate efforts [1][5][11]. Group 1: Historical Context of U.S. Energy Policy - The U.S. faced severe economic challenges during the 1970s oil crisis, prompting a focus on energy independence and the development of renewable energy, leading to significant legislation supporting clean energy [2][3]. - Under President Obama, clean energy policies reached a peak, with substantial investments and incentives for solar and wind energy, which were seen as crucial for economic recovery [4]. Group 2: Recent Policy Changes and Impacts - Despite initial setbacks under Trump, the renewable energy market continued to grow due to strong state-level policies and corporate demand, but the Biden administration's policies further revitalized the sector with extended tax credits and new incentives [5][6]. - The "Big and Beautiful" Act introduced by Trump significantly rolled back clean energy incentives, effectively creating barriers for new solar and wind projects, which could lead to a substantial decline in renewable energy investments [6][14]. Group 3: Economic and Employment Implications - The tightening of clean energy policies has resulted in a significant drop in renewable energy investments, with a reported decrease of $20.5 billion (36%) in the first half of the year compared to the previous year [14]. - The renewable energy sector has already seen over 165,000 job losses in the first half of the year, with projections indicating a potential loss of 600,000 clean energy jobs by 2030 due to the reversal of energy transition policies [16]. Group 4: Global Climate and Geopolitical Considerations - Trump's energy policies are seen as detrimental to global climate efforts, as they undermine the role of renewable energy in combating climate change and could lead to increased carbon emissions [17][19]. - The shift in U.S. energy policy is also viewed as a strategic move to weaken China's competitive advantage in the solar and wind sectors while asserting U.S. dominance in traditional energy markets [18][19].