专访北京大学汇丰商学院创院院长海闻： 纵深推进“双循环”战略进一步发展壮大民营经济

Core Viewpoint - The "dual circulation" strategy is essential for China's economic transformation, focusing on domestic demand and international cooperation, but faces challenges such as insufficient domestic demand and increasing global trade protectionism [1] Group 1: Domestic Economic Challenges - Insufficient effective demand is a bottleneck for economic growth, exacerbated by low consumer spending and high savings rates among residents [2] - The lack of investment willingness and confidence among private enterprises is a key reason for the weak domestic demand, leading to employment pressure and unstable income expectations [2][3] - The current macroeconomic policies are relatively loose, yet private enterprises still show low fixed asset investment willingness, reflecting issues in the microeconomic mechanisms [3] Group 2: Role of Private Enterprises - Private enterprises contribute over 80% of urban employment and are crucial for stabilizing jobs and income, which in turn supports consumer spending [2] - To stimulate private enterprise investment, it is essential to create a supportive environment, ensure legal governance, and provide equal competitive conditions with state-owned enterprises [3] Group 3: Service Sector and Consumption - There is a structural contradiction in the economy, with some industries facing oversupply while others lack quality products and services [5][6] - The service sector is identified as a key area for expanding domestic demand, with significant growth potential in healthcare, education, and cultural services [6][7] - The government should implement a "negative list" management approach to facilitate private enterprise participation in the service sector, enhancing service quality and efficiency [7] Group 4: International Trade and Private Enterprises - The global trade environment is increasingly complex, with private enterprises playing a vital role in China's foreign trade, accounting for 55.5% of total trade in 2024 [8] - Private enterprises are better positioned to navigate international trade rules and can help China respond to trade protectionism by diversifying overseas markets [8][9] - It is important for private enterprises to balance local interests when expanding internationally, fostering mutual benefits and sustainable development [9]