虚拟电厂从蓝图到实践—— “化零为整”促电网供需平衡

Core Insights - The development of virtual power plants (VPPs) is transitioning from technical blueprints to large-scale implementation, enhancing grid regulation capabilities across various regions [2][3] - VPPs aggregate decentralized power resources into a flexible adjustment pool, utilizing smart technologies to balance supply and demand while promoting renewable energy consumption [2] - The market-driven mechanisms and revenue-sharing models are crucial for the sustainable operation of VPPs, allowing participants to benefit from the reforms [4][5] Group 1: Virtual Power Plant Implementation - The State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company successfully executed a demand response initiative, aggregating resources from 47 VPP operators, achieving a maximum response load of 1.1627 million kilowatts, setting a new record for Shanghai [2] - Shanxi province has aggregated 122 users with controllable capacity exceeding 2.02 million kilowatts, with VPPs operating steadily for 18 months since entering the market [3] - Yantai's digital VPP, constructed by Dongfang Electronics, has connected 390,000 kilowatts of resources, aiming to enhance the city's energy regulation capacity by 5% [3] Group 2: Market Mechanisms and Revenue Sharing - Shanxi has established a comprehensive electricity market system, with direct trading volumes increasing from 1.359 billion kilowatt-hours in 2013 to 180.3 billion kilowatt-hours in 2024, reflecting an annual growth rate of 55.9% [5] - Shanghai's new management measures for VPPs include subsidies and incentives to encourage participation, leading to cost savings and efficiency improvements for companies involved [5][6] - Yantai's digital VPP has generated over 130,000 yuan in revenue from participating in the electricity spot market, with expected monthly revenues surpassing 200,000 yuan as resource integration scales up [6] Group 3: Technological Innovation and Policy Support - The introduction of national guidelines for VPP development has clarified the direction for Shanxi's practices, supporting private enterprises' involvement in VPP construction and operation [7] - Yantai emphasizes a full industry chain operational capability for VPPs, integrating resource exploration, modification, and operational management [7] - Shanghai is fostering diverse VPP entities and encouraging technological and model innovations, with a goal to establish a virtual power plant ecosystem by collaborating with other major cities [8]