中小银行如何巩固净息差筑底企稳局面

Core Insights - The net interest margin (NIM) of A-share listed banks in 2025 shows divergence among 42 institutions, contrasting with the previous year's uniform decline [1] - Xi'an Bank's NIM increased by 49 basis points to 1.7% due to significant reductions in deposit interest rates and rising corporate loan yields [1] - Some banks, like Minsheng Bank, experienced slight improvements in NIM due to lower funding costs, while others showed a slowdown in the decline of NIM [1][2] Summary by Sections NIM Performance - Most banks are still facing downward pressure on NIM, but some, like Xi'an Bank, have managed to increase their NIM significantly [1] - Chongqing Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank have seen slight changes in NIM, with improvements attributed to effective cost control [1] - A total of 10 listed banks reported a higher non-performing loan (NPL) ratio than their NIM, indicating potential risks [1] Industry Trends - The decline in NIM began around 2020, primarily due to increased competition from state-owned banks, which pressured smaller banks to lower loan rates [3] - The People's Bank of China has implemented measures to stabilize NIM, including guiding banks to lower deposit rates and ensuring loan rates do not fall below government bond yields [3] - The phenomenon of NIM bottoming out is emerging as banks optimize their business structures and pricing capabilities [3] Challenges and Opportunities - Despite efforts to stabilize NIM, it is unlikely to return to previous levels due to competition and the impact of financial technology [4] - Smaller banks face challenges in achieving scale benefits and maintaining profitability, necessitating a focus on non-interest income [4][5] - The restructuring of bank ecosystems requires recognition of the differences in positioning and advantages among various institutions [5] - Developing differentiated financial services through a deeper understanding of customer needs is a viable strategy for many smaller banks [5][6]