剑桥大学女王学院院长埃里安：在动荡时代重新思考发展问题

Group 1 - The global economic and financial order, historically centered around the United States, is undergoing significant changes due to various adverse factors affecting developing countries [1][2] - Three main factors disrupting the existing order include insufficient attention to destabilizing distribution outcomes, the inability to integrate rapidly expanding developing powers, and the shift of the U.S. from a stabilizing force to a source of turmoil [2][3] - Developing countries have managed to navigate the changing landscape relatively well, largely due to policy achievements that have strengthened macroeconomic frameworks and institutions over recent decades [2][3] Group 2 - To maintain positive momentum in a challenging external environment, developing countries must prioritize four key policy areas: maintaining macroeconomic stability, enhancing international connections, leveraging innovation, and reassessing asset allocations away from U.S. assets [3][4] - Strengthening international ties is essential for resilience, flexibility, and expanding options, requiring years of coordinated efforts to unify regulations and promote regional financial integration [3][4] - The potential of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies presents a unique opportunity for inclusive economic growth, but developing countries must create conditions for efficient and equitable innovation adoption [5] Group 3 - Multilateral institutions like the World Bank and regional development banks can play a crucial role in assisting member countries in adopting innovative practices to improve health, education, and productivity outcomes [4] - These institutions need to enhance their capabilities to disseminate best practices regarding new technologies and encourage regional trade connections and cross-border infrastructure projects [4] - There is an urgent need to strengthen emergency financing mechanisms and risk-sharing tools in a world increasingly shaped by frequent shocks [4]