夺命“化骨水”，在这些地方很常见！ 南都新知

Core Viewpoint - The recent incident involving a woman's death due to accidental exposure to hydrofluoric acid has raised significant concerns about the dangers associated with this chemical, often referred to as "bone water" due to its severe corrosive properties [1][8]. Group 1: Properties and Applications of Hydrofluoric Acid - Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a colorless, corrosive liquid that is more dangerous than strong acids like sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, capable of dissolving metals, glass, and silicon-containing materials [4][8]. - It is widely used in various industrial applications, including the production of fluorides, fluoropolymers, and in semiconductor manufacturing for etching and cleaning chips [4][5]. - In the medical field, hydrofluoric acid is utilized in dentistry to prepare porcelain teeth for bonding [4]. Group 2: Risks and Health Hazards - Hydrofluoric acid poses severe health risks due to its strong corrosive and permeative properties, which can penetrate skin and damage bones, leading to systemic toxicity [8][12]. - Initial exposure may result in mild symptoms, but significant damage can occur within hours, including severe pain, tissue necrosis, and potential organ failure [9][12]. - Inhalation of hydrofluoric acid fumes can also be life-threatening, causing respiratory distress and potentially leading to death [12]. Group 3: Safety Measures and Emergency Response - Workers handling hydrofluoric acid must undergo specialized safety training and use appropriate protective equipment, including goggles, gloves, and protective clothing [13]. - In case of exposure, immediate action is critical: remove contaminated clothing, rinse the affected area with water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical attention promptly [14].