向构建大规模量子计算机迈出关键一步 科学家让两个原子核实现“远距离聊天”

Core Insights - A team of international scientists has achieved a significant breakthrough in quantum computing by utilizing the spin of two atomic nuclei to realize "quantum entanglement," enabling long-distance communication between atomic nuclei, which is a core resource for quantum computers to surpass traditional computers [1][2] - This achievement demonstrates the immense potential of using existing semiconductor technology and manufacturing processes to create future quantum chips, marking a critical step towards building large-scale quantum computers [1] Group 1 - The research addresses a fundamental contradiction in quantum computing: the need to protect qubits from external noise while allowing them to interact for computation [1] - The study focuses on a previously considered difficult-to-scale technology path: encoding quantum information using the spin of phosphorus nuclei implanted in silicon chips [1][2] Group 2 - The team achieved long-distance communication between atomic nuclei by coupling each nucleus with an independent electron and allowing these electrons to interact in space, effectively giving the nuclei a "phone" to communicate with each other [2] - The distance between the two atomic nuclei in the experiment was approximately 20 nanometers, which, when scaled up, is comparable to the distance between Sydney and Boston, highlighting the feasibility of this method within current silicon technology standards [2] Group 3 - The results clear a major obstacle for silicon-based quantum computers, which are progressing towards scalability, and the new method is both robust and expandable [2] - The current experiment utilized only two electrons, with future potential to introduce more electrons for rapid and precise switching of interactions [2]