报告：结构性问题难解 欧盟持续面临药品短缺

Core Insights - The European Court of Auditors released a report highlighting ongoing issues with drug shortages in the EU due to structural problems such as fragile supply chains and fragmented internal markets [1][2] Summary by Sections Drug Shortages - From January 2022 to October 2024, EU countries reported 136 types of drugs experiencing "serious shortages," with the most severe shortages occurring in 2023 and 2024 [2] Impact on Public Health - Drug shortages can have serious consequences for patients, weaken public health systems, and impose high costs on doctors, pharmacies, and nations [4] Legislative Efforts - The European Commission has proposed several legislative changes, including the "Key Medicines Act" in 2023, but these have not fully addressed the issues, necessitating improvements in the legal framework for timely reporting of drug shortages [4][5] Supply Chain Vulnerabilities - The report identifies the EU's drug supply chain as "fragile," with a reliance on Asian production for certain drugs, leading to stockpiling by some member states without coordination, exacerbating shortages in others [5] Market Fragmentation - Despite being labeled a "single market," the EU's pharmaceutical market is fragmented, with most drugs regulated by individual member states, resulting in inconsistent availability and pricing across countries [5][6] Approval Discrepancies - Since 2015, the EU has approved 629 drugs for market entry, but availability varies significantly among member states, with Malta having only 107 of these drugs available compared to 521 in Germany [6] Trade Barriers - The European Commission has not effectively removed cross-border trade barriers, making it difficult to alleviate drug shortages through EU-wide redistribution [6]