家园更美！权威数据看“十四五”美丽中国建设成绩单

Core Points - The article highlights the achievements of China's "14th Five-Year Plan" in promoting high-quality development through ecological and environmental protection [3] - It emphasizes the continuous improvement of national ecological environment quality and the effectiveness of pollution prevention efforts [4][8] Environmental Quality Improvement - In 2024, the concentration of PM2.5 in cities at or above the prefecture level is projected to decrease to 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter, a 16.3% reduction from 2020, with the proportion of days with good air quality reaching 87.2%, an increase of 2.4 percentage points from 2020 [6] - The proportion of surface water with good quality is expected to reach 90.4% in 2024, surpassing 90% for the first time, with the water quality of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers maintaining Class II standards for several consecutive years [6] Pollution Prevention Achievements - In the Blue Sky Defense Campaign, 41 million households have completed clean heating renovations in northern regions, and nearly 20 million high-emission vehicles have been eliminated during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [8] - PM2.5 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Fenwei Plain are expected to decrease by 18%, 10%, and 20% respectively compared to 2020 [8] Water Quality Protection - Over 360,000 river discharge outlets and 63,000 sea discharge outlets have been identified, with completion rates for remediation in seven major river basins and key bays reaching 90% and 93.3% respectively [10] - More than 3,000 urban black and odorous water bodies at the prefecture level and above have been basically eliminated, along with significant improvements in county-level cities [10] Soil and Waste Management - Actions for soil pollution prevention have been implemented, with 132 key counties completing heavy metal pollution tracing in agricultural land, and over 100,000 administrative villages undergoing comprehensive environmental remediation [11] - The construction of "waste-free cities" is being advanced, with a complete ban on foreign waste imports and initiatives to address illegal solid waste disposal and heavy metal environmental safety hazards [11] Green and Low-Carbon Development - A total of 1.12 billion kilowatts of coal power units and 950 million tons of crude steel capacity have undergone ultra-low emission transformations [12] - China has established the world's largest carbon trading market, covering over 60% of national carbon emissions, and has initiated a voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market [12] Ecological Protection and Restoration - The area of ecological protection red lines in land areas exceeds 30%, with 4,545 key issues related to national nature reserves identified and rectified [12][13] - Major biodiversity protection projects have been implemented, effectively protecting 74% of key wild animal and plant populations [13]