绿水青山间写就精彩答卷 2024年地表水优良水质断面比例首次超过90%

Core Viewpoint - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a milestone for ecological civilization construction and environmental protection in China, marking a transition from pollution prevention to comprehensive promotion of beautiful China construction [1] Group 1: Achievements in Environmental Protection - Significant progress has been made in key battles for environmental protection, including the Blue Sky Defense Battle, where 41 million households have completed coal-to-clean heating transformations, and nearly 20 million high-emission vehicles have been eliminated [2] - PM2.5 concentrations in key regions are projected to decrease by 18%, 10%, and 20% by 2024 compared to 2020 levels [2] - In the Water Protection Battle, over 360,000 pollution outlets have been identified, with a completion rate of 90% for major river basins and over 90% for county-level cities in eliminating black and odorous water bodies [2] - The Soil Protection Battle has seen over 100,000 villages undergo environmental remediation, with rural sewage treatment rates exceeding 45% [2] - The "Waste-Free City" initiative has been advanced, with a complete ban on foreign waste imports and actions taken against illegal waste disposal [2] Group 2: Improvement in Environmental Quality - National PM2.5 concentrations are expected to drop to 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter in 2024, a 16.3% decrease from 2020, with good air quality days reaching 87.2% [3] - The proportion of surface water with good quality has surpassed 90% for the first time, with major rivers maintaining Class II water quality for several consecutive years [3] - Public satisfaction with the ecological environment has remained above 90% for four consecutive years [3] Group 3: Green and Low-Carbon Development - China is accelerating its transition to a green and low-carbon economy, with 1.12 billion kilowatts of coal power and 950 million tons of crude steel capacity undergoing ultra-low emission transformations [4] - The world's largest carbon trading market has been established, covering over 60% of national carbon emissions, alongside the initiation of a voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market [4] - The number of environmental impact assessments for high-emission projects has decreased, while assessments for wind power and electric vehicles have increased by 44.4% and 31.3% respectively in the first half of the year [4] Group 4: Technological Innovation and Standards - A comprehensive ecological and environmental standard system has been established, with 32 emission standards revised to promote green transformation in key industries [5] - A national platform for ecological and environmental technology transfer has been created, gathering over 5,000 innovative technologies to support green development [5] - The establishment of a clean steel production system has significantly reduced energy consumption and pollutant emissions [5] Group 5: Non-Site Law Enforcement - The shift towards non-site law enforcement is seen as a key measure for smart ecological governance, utilizing advanced technologies such as satellite remote sensing and drones [6] - From January to August this year, on-site inspections decreased by 30%, while the problem discovery rate increased by 10 to 25 percentage points [6] - The number of penalty cases dropped by 31%, but the proportion of penalties for key cases increased by 3.3%, indicating improved precision and effectiveness in administrative inspections [6]