思想者观察：加快推动新形态就业从“生存型”向“发展型”转变

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies to support and regulate the development of new employment forms, aiming to transition from "survival-type" to "development-type" employment for high-quality job opportunities for new employment workers [1][4]. Summary by Sections Current Status of New Employment Workers - New employment workers are categorized into "location services" (e.g., ride-hailing, food delivery) and "cloud work" (e.g., online design, knowledge services), with the former being more prevalent [2]. - There are approximately 84 million new employment workers in China, accounting for about 20.9% of the total workforce, with significant representation in various roles such as live streamers (15 million), long-haul truck drivers (14 million), and delivery workers (12 million) [2]. Challenges Faced by New Employment Workers - Income volatility is significant, with a fluctuation coefficient of 0.43 for flexible workers compared to 0.12 for fixed workers [3]. - The participation rate in pension insurance is low, with frequent interruptions in contributions among new employment workers [3]. - There is a growing risk of job replacement due to technological advancements, particularly for roles like delivery drivers and online streamers [3]. - Many new employment workers experience a lack of professional identity and face challenges in securing their rights due to unclear labor relations [3]. Transition from "Survival-Type" to "Development-Type" - The government aims to support and regulate new employment forms, with a focus on enhancing the quality of employment for new workers [4]. - There is a push for structural optimization, encouraging workers to transition into emerging fields such as AI training and data analysis [4]. - A proposal to establish a social security account system for new employment workers is highlighted, aiming for seamless insurance participation across platforms and regions [4]. Skills and Training Initiatives - The establishment of a multi-tiered skills certification system is encouraged to enhance the social recognition and employment value of new employment workers [6]. - A digital skills training platform is proposed to provide comprehensive training resources and personalized job matching services [6]. Regulatory and Support Mechanisms - The article discusses the need for compliance management in platform employment, including a unified legal framework for labor relations [6]. - A multi-level dispute resolution mechanism is suggested to ensure the protection of new employment workers' rights [6]. - Financial support mechanisms, such as customized financial products for new employment workers, are recommended to lower barriers for entrepreneurship and career transitions [7]. Recent Policy Developments - The government has issued guidelines to protect the rights of new employment workers, addressing fundamental needs such as time management, mandatory rest, income security, and transparency in algorithmic processes [7].