古今智慧守护“中国饭碗” 从农具变迁看我国农业发展

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the celebration of the eighth Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival, emphasizing the importance of agricultural tools in the evolution of farming practices and the transition from traditional to modern agricultural machinery in China [1][14]. Traditional Agricultural Tools - The China Agricultural Museum showcases over 150 ancient farming tools, categorized into four stages: plowing, sowing, managing, and harvesting, reflecting the wisdom of generations of Chinese farmers [1][13]. - The curved plow, known as the "quyuan plow," was invented during the Tang Dynasty and is still in use today, designed for the complex terrain of southern China [3]. - The "louche," an ancient sowing machine from the Western Han Dynasty, efficiently combines the processes of furrowing, sowing, and covering soil, significantly enhancing sowing efficiency [7]. - The "longgu waterwheel," developed during the Eastern Han Dynasty, was crucial for irrigation, allowing water to be lifted from lower to higher ground, essential for drought resistance in ancient agriculture [9]. - The "fan car," invented in the Han Dynasty, uses wind power to separate impurities from harvested grain, showcasing the ingenuity of ancient agricultural technology [11]. Modern Agricultural Machinery - China has become a major agricultural machinery producer, with a comprehensive mechanization rate exceeding 75% for crop farming, and the top grain-producing province, Heilongjiang, achieving over 99% mechanization [14]. - In Heilongjiang, nearly 200 high-powered harvesters are deployed for efficient corn harvesting, with one machine capable of clearing 8 rows of corn in just 15 minutes [14][16]. - The newly developed 240-horsepower unmanned harvester can directly thresh corn, improving efficiency and reducing waste [16]. - Modern harvesting techniques now allow for real-time data collection during harvest, enabling precise measurement of grain moisture and yield, which aids in future fertilization planning [18]. - The use of unmanned tractors for deep plowing at a rate of 25 acres per hour ensures consistent soil preparation, enhancing the quality of land for future planting [22][24]. - The transition from experience-based to data-driven farming practices has significantly improved the quality and efficiency of autumn grain harvesting, fostering hope for future yields [26].