磁约束版可控核聚变还面临三大技术挑战

Core Insights - Controlled nuclear fusion, often referred to as "artificial sun," is approaching commercialization as a clean energy solution, with significant advancements in technology and capital investment [1][2] - The ITER project is a key international initiative in nuclear fusion research, with experts emphasizing its potential to address energy and carbon emission challenges [1] - China is focusing on compact magnetic confinement fusion using high-temperature superconducting materials, aiming to accelerate the development of fusion engineering experimental reactors [2] Group 1: Technology and Development - The main raw materials for fusion energy are isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, which produce helium as a byproduct, posing no radioactive pollution [1] - The primary technical routes for achieving controlled nuclear fusion include magnetic confinement, inertial confinement, and magnetic inertial confinement, with the "tokamak" being the mainstream device for magnetic confinement [1] - China has achieved significant milestones in fusion research, including the "Chinese Circulation No. 3" experimental device reaching temperatures of 117 million degrees Celsius for atomic nuclei and 160 million degrees Celsius for electrons [2] Group 2: Challenges and Collaborations - China Fusion Company faces three main scientific and technical challenges: stable self-sustaining operation of burning plasma, high-energy neutron bombardment and high-heat-load materials, and tritium breeding and self-sustaining cycles [3] - The company is collaborating with various institutions, including Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai Electric Group, to form a fusion innovation consortium to tackle these challenges [3] - Shanghai's government is committed to supporting the establishment of a fusion energy innovation alliance to facilitate the transition from laboratory research to engineering and commercialization [3]