易纲：商业可持续性是动员金融机构和社会资本服务普惠金融的关键，也是金融机构创新的前提

Core Viewpoint - Inclusive finance has a long history and practice in China, being a crucial part of national strategy aimed at providing affordable financial services to all social classes, particularly for ordinary citizens and supporting agriculture, small and micro enterprises, and individual businesses [1] Group 1: Historical Context and Importance - The development of inclusive finance in China dates back to the 1930s with credit cooperatives, evolving through modern financial system reforms [1] - The goal of inclusive finance is to ensure access to essential financial services such as savings, loans, remittances, and mobile payments for the general public [1] Group 2: Role of Government and Policy Support - Government departments often provide policy and financial support to enhance the development of inclusive finance, which is a significant driving force [1] - Financial policies such as interest subsidies, loan loss sharing mechanisms, and policy financing guarantee companies are used to encourage financial institutions to expand services to vulnerable groups [1] Group 3: Financial Institutions and Innovation - The sustainability of commercial operations is key to mobilizing financial institutions and social capital to serve inclusive finance, which is also a prerequisite for innovation within financial institutions [1] - Structural monetary policy is employed by the central bank to create incentive-compatible mechanisms, guiding financial institutions to allocate resources to specific areas [1] Group 4: Challenges and Considerations - A critical issue in policy support is determining the appropriate level of support while effectively preventing moral hazards and ensuring that the market continues to play a fundamental role in resource allocation [1]