三星堆公布重大发现！专家：种种迹象表明，三星堆可能爆发过内战，神权贵族集团受到严重打击

Core Insights - The latest multidisciplinary research results from the Sanxingdui site have been released by the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, focusing on the dating of sacrificial pits, unique bronze casting techniques, and new findings in gold and copper artifacts [1][3]. Group 1: Dating of Sacrificial Pits - The dating of the sacrificial pits has been confirmed to the late Shang Dynasty, with a 95.4% probability that pits No. 3, 4, 6, and 8 date between 1201 BC and 1012 BC [5][9]. - The precise dating is significant for understanding the evolution of ancient Shu civilization and its integration into the broader Chinese cultural context [9][3]. - The research utilized carbon-14 dating, with a focus on bamboo charcoal for more accurate results, pinpointing the date to around 1100 BC, approximately 3100 years ago [7][5]. Group 2: Bronze Casting Techniques - The "core-bone and strip core support" technique has been identified as a significant innovation in large bronze casting, marking its first systematic confirmation in domestic archaeological contexts [13][11]. - This technique is compared to the traditional model method used in ancient Chinese bronze casting, showcasing unique local adaptations that contributed to a distinctive bronze culture [15][11]. - The research indicates that the bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui were created using a combination of casting methods, including split casting, which reflects a sophisticated technological system [13][15]. Group 3: Gold and Copper Artifacts - The research confirms that the painted bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui are among the earliest known lacquered copper wares in China, establishing a cultural link between the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites [19][17]. - Analysis of the gold artifacts indicates that over 2 kilograms of gold were used, employing advanced refining techniques [19][17]. - The findings suggest that the ancient Shu people had developed intensive wetland rice agriculture and standardized pottery production by the late Shang Dynasty, indicating a prosperous society [19][17]. Group 4: Historical Context and Cultural Evolution - The Sanxingdui site represents a long-lasting and extensive archaeological site, encompassing multiple cultural phases, including Baodun, Sanxingdui, and Shierqiao cultures, with significant developmental relationships among them [22][23]. - The Baodun culture period saw the construction of city walls due to resource competition, leading to a landscape of competing settlements [22][23]. - The transition of Sanxingdui from a central state capital to a regular city involved conflicts over capital status, resulting in significant changes to the urban structure and religious practices [23][22].