财说| 在建工程超58亿元，燕东微想要盈利有点难

Core Viewpoint - Yandong Micro (688172.SH) is facing severe operational challenges, transitioning from profitability to significant losses since its listing in November 2022, with a projected net loss exceeding 2.8 billion yuan in 2024 and further losses of 3.9 billion yuan in the first half of 2025 [1][2][10]. Financial Performance - In 2022, Yandong Micro reported revenue of 2.175 billion yuan and a net profit of 365 million yuan, marking its peak performance [2]. - By 2023, revenue slightly decreased to 2.127 billion yuan, a year-on-year decline of 2.21%, with net profit dropping 20% to 292 million yuan [2]. - The year 2024 marked a significant downturn, with revenue plummeting 19.89% to 1.704 billion yuan and a net loss of 2.88 billion yuan, a nearly 6 billion yuan difference from the previous year's profit [2][10]. - In the first half of 2025, losses further escalated, with net losses increasing from 73.54 million yuan to 3.9 billion yuan, a more than 4.3-fold increase year-on-year [2]. Business Segmentation - Yandong Micro's operations are divided into two main segments: "Products and Solutions" and "Manufacturing and Services," contributing 47.18% and 43.91% to revenue in 2024, respectively [3]. - The "Manufacturing and Services" segment has been operating at a negative gross margin since 2023, while the "Products and Solutions" segment is the sole contributor to gross profit [3][6]. Manufacturing Challenges - The gross margin for wafer manufacturing has been consistently negative, with rates below -19% from 2023 to 2024, indicating that costs exceed revenues [6]. - The company has faced delays in ramping up production processes, with the 12-inch production line only reaching its first phase of production in July 2024 [6]. - Yandong Micro's capacity utilization rates have declined from 79.11% in 2022 to 77.58% in 2024, significantly lower than competitors like Huahong [6][7]. Profitability Issues - The "Products and Solutions" segment, particularly the high-stability integrated circuits, has been the only profitable area, contributing over 75% of revenue in this segment [8][9]. - However, in 2024, revenue from high-stability integrated circuits dropped 47% to 607 million yuan, with gross profit declining from 706 million yuan to 314 million yuan [9][10]. Accounts Receivable and Inventory Management - Yandong Micro's accounts receivable turnover rate is notably low, at 0.528 times as of June 2025, indicating potential cash flow issues [11]. - The inventory turnover rate was 0.566 in the first half of 2025, significantly lower than competitors, raising concerns about capital utilization and potential depreciation risks [14]. Future Outlook - The company faces substantial challenges in reversing its losses, including high fixed asset investments, low utilization rates, and significant depreciation pressures from ongoing construction projects [15][16]. - Analysts suggest that Yandong Micro must either enhance its wafer manufacturing capabilities or strengthen its competitive position in the high-stability business to survive in a competitive semiconductor market [18].