创新药、低空飞行器、量子计算、脑机接口——院士报告为颠覆性技术“把脉问诊”

Group 1: Innovation in Pharmaceuticals - China has made significant progress in innovative drug development, with the number of approved new drugs increasing from 4 in 2015 to 37 in 2024, and the proportion of first-in-class drugs rising from 4% to 38% [1] - Despite the advancements, challenges such as lack of original theories and technologies, intense competition, changing international environments, and payment system issues pose risks to sustainable industry growth [1][2] Group 2: Development of eVTOL Industry - The eVTOL industry in China is rapidly developing, currently leading globally, supported by the aviation and new energy vehicle sectors [2] - Key technological challenges include distributed propulsion aerodynamics, high-energy power sources, and safety control in complex environments, with a focus on integrating artificial intelligence for autonomous flight capabilities [2] Group 3: Quantum Computing and Research - The Shenzhen International Quantum Research Institute is pursuing a differentiated competition strategy by expanding into solid-state quantum computing and scientific instrument development, achieving notable progress in a short time [3] - Emphasis on the need for China to strengthen its independent research and development of scientific instruments to become a technological powerhouse [3] Group 4: Brain-Computer Interface Technology - Brain-computer interfaces are categorized into brain control and brain modulation, with applications in aiding patients with movement disorders and treating mental health conditions [3] - The development of non-invasive techniques for brain modulation is highlighted as a crucial future direction, with innovative methods proposed for targeted brain area stimulation [3] Group 5: Overall Technological Landscape - The reports from the four academicians reflect China's technological self-reliance and the realities of global technological competition, emphasizing the need to confront challenges to maintain leadership in disruptive innovation [4]