深耕“全球南方”： 中国企业南向出海的高质量发展路径

Core Viewpoint - The strategic importance of developing countries in China's economic development and security is increasing, transitioning from a supplementary "flank" market to a crucial "main stage" for China's globalization strategy [1] Group 1: Historical Phases of China's Outbound Investment - The outbound investment of Chinese enterprises in developing countries is closely linked to China's economic transformation and changes in the international environment, evolving through three distinct phases: initial exploration (1978-2000), deepening expansion (2001-2012), and transformation and upgrading (2013-present) [2][3][4] Initial Exploration Phase (1978-2000) - During this period, the focus was primarily on "bringing in" rather than "going out," with limited foreign exchange reserves and experience in international markets. State-owned foreign trade companies and a few large state-owned enterprises led the way in overseas investments [2] Deepening Expansion Phase (2001-2012) - The "going out" strategy was formally included in the national economic plan, coinciding with China's accession to the WTO. This led to a significant increase in Chinese enterprises entering developing markets, with a 28.1% annual growth rate in new contracts for foreign engineering projects from 2002 to 2007, totaling over $200 billion [3] Transformation and Upgrading Phase (2013-present) - The Belt and Road Initiative has elevated economic cooperation with developing countries, with trade reaching $26 trillion and investments exceeding $500 billion from 2013 to 2024. Chinese enterprises have adopted a model of "Chinese capital + Chinese standards + Chinese construction," focusing on infrastructure modernization in developing countries [4] Group 2: Strategic and Practical Logic for Accelerating Outbound Investment - The current international and domestic environments necessitate that Chinese enterprises accelerate their outbound investments in developing countries as a survival and sustainable development strategy [5] National Perspective - Outbound investment in developing countries supports supply-side structural reforms and the construction of a new development pattern, optimizing resource allocation and upgrading industrial structures [6][7] Enterprise Perspective - Outbound investment serves as a crucial response to international decoupling and domestic competition pressures, allowing companies to establish production bases in developing countries to mitigate risks and enhance supply chain resilience [9][10] Developing Country Perspective - Chinese enterprises' outbound investments provide unprecedented opportunities for developing countries to achieve industrialization and self-sufficiency, filling gaps in capital, technology, and industrial capabilities [11][12] Group 3: Strategies for High-Quality Outbound Investment - To adapt to complex international conditions and domestic economic transformations, Chinese enterprises should focus on upgrading their outbound investment strategies [13] Deepening Localization - Enterprises should transition from merely "going out" to "integrating in" by deeply embedding themselves in the economic and social structures of developing countries, enhancing local employment and supply chain integration [13][14] Promoting Soft and Hard Integration - In addition to hardware exports, there should be a focus on transferring technology and management expertise to enhance the self-development capabilities of developing countries [14] Building a Collaborative Outbound Ecosystem - A multi-party collaborative system involving government guidance, enterprise leadership, financial support, and professional services is essential for addressing systemic challenges in outbound investments [15]