水利部：黄土高原水土流失面积已消减超过一半

Core Viewpoint - The area of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau has been reduced by more than half, transitioning from a "yellow" to a "green" landscape, with significant ecological improvements noted [1]. Group 1: Measures for Soil and Water Conservation - The first measure focuses on reducing "existing stock" by implementing integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, particularly in areas with high sediment yield. Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 3,879 sediment retention dams and 4 million mu of dryland terracing have been constructed, with the new dams intercepting over 1.2 billion tons of sediment [2]. - The second measure aims to control "increment" by establishing a spatial management system for soil and water conservation, legally designating key areas for protection, and implementing differentiated prevention and control measures. This has effectively prevented 46,000 square kilometers of potential human-induced soil erosion since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan [2]. Group 2: Quality Improvement Initiatives - The third measure emphasizes improving "quality" through various policies aimed at promoting high-quality development of soil and water conservation in the Yellow River basin. This includes policies for ecological product value realization and encouraging social capital participation in soil erosion control, thereby broadening the pathways for converting ecological benefits into economic gains. It is projected that by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, an additional 340,000 square kilometers of soil erosion control area will be established, with a soil conservation rate reaching 73% [3].