“量子优势”首获实验证明 完成特定任务时间从两千万年缩短到十五分钟

Core Insights - An international collaborative research team from Denmark, the United States, Canada, and South Korea has experimentally demonstrated the capability of quantum technology to significantly outperform classical methods, achieving a task completion time reduction from 20 million years to just 15 minutes, thereby realizing "quantum advantage" [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The research addresses a common challenge in efficiently understanding complex and noisy physical systems, where traditional methods require extensive measurements to infer system behavior characteristics [1] - The team introduced a unique quantum resource, entangled light, to overcome measurement challenges, as measuring quantum systems can disturb them and the required measurement frequency grows exponentially with system size [1][2] Group 2: Experimental Methodology - The experiment utilized standard optical components and communication band light, preparing two entangled beams of squeezed light, one for probing the target system and the other as a reference [2] - By conducting joint measurements on the two beams, the team was able to extract more effective information at once, significantly reducing measurement ambiguity [2] Group 3: Implications and Applications - The results indicate a remarkable efficiency improvement not due to more precise equipment but rather the quantum advantage of the measurement method itself, achieved in a realistic lossy system [2] - This breakthrough not only highlights the speed enhancement but also showcases the potential applications of quantum technology in fields such as sensing, system identification, and machine learning [2]