光伏第一省的“红区”烦恼和探索之道

Core Viewpoint - The rapid growth of distributed photovoltaic (PV) installations in rural China, particularly in Shandong province, is facing significant challenges due to the inability of local power grids to absorb the excess electricity generated, leading to the designation of many areas as "red zones" where new projects cannot be connected to the grid [3][5][9]. Group 1: Current Status of Distributed PV in Shandong - Shandong province has the highest installed capacity of distributed PV in China, exceeding 50.2 million kilowatts by the end of 2024, which is equivalent to numerous small green power stations on rooftops and commercial buildings [3][4]. - As of 2024, over one-third of Shandong's counties are classified as "red zones," indicating that the local grid cannot effectively absorb additional distributed PV electricity [5][6]. Group 2: Challenges Faced - The rapid increase in distributed PV capacity has led to a situation where excess electricity generated during peak sunlight hours cannot be utilized, resulting in potential overloads and safety hazards in the power grid [5][6]. - The local power distribution networks, originally designed for unidirectional flow, are now struggling to manage the bidirectional flow of electricity due to the surge in distributed PV installations [5][9]. Group 3: Solutions and Innovations - Solutions to the "red zone" crisis include integrating energy storage systems to store excess electricity generated by PV installations, which can then be released when needed, effectively increasing the grid's capacity to absorb new projects [6][7]. - The establishment of local consumption scenarios, such as community service facilities utilizing PV energy, has shown promise in reducing reliance on the grid and enhancing local energy self-sufficiency [7][8]. Group 4: Future Directions - The development of a new power system ecosystem is essential for addressing the challenges of distributed energy, requiring collaboration among local governments, PV owners, and grid operators to create a market and trading mechanisms for excess electricity [9][10]. - The potential for distributed renewable energy to play a significant role in China's energy structure is substantial, particularly in densely populated areas, but it necessitates a coordinated effort to optimize resource allocation and ensure sustainable development [10][11].