国际观察｜与俄罗斯的这道“墙”，欧洲打算怎么建

Core Points - The European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced on October 1 that the EU will continue to advance the construction of a "drone wall" to ensure the security of member states [1][2] - The initiative reflects Europe's efforts to strengthen its defense capabilities and reduce reliance on the US amid concerns over diminishing American security commitments [1][4] Summary by Sections Project Overview - The "drone wall" is a counter-drone system designed to quickly detect, intercept, and, if necessary, shoot down suspicious drones [2] - The idea was first proposed in 2024 and gained traction after Poland experienced a significant drone "invasion" on September 9 [2] - The project aims to create a force that is "jointly developed, deployed, and maintained by Europe" with real-time response capabilities [2] Technical Aspects - The "drone wall" will include advanced reconnaissance, tracking, and interception capabilities, along with ground defense systems, maritime security forces, and space-based situational awareness [2] - The estimated cost of the project is several billion euros [2] Strategic Importance - Experts view the project as potentially the most significant collective defense measure in Europe since the end of the Cold War, although it faces several unresolved challenges [3] - Key challenges include determining whether NATO or the EU will lead the project, who will fund the multi-billion euro investment, and how to harmonize differing airspace regulations among EU countries [3] Defense Cooperation - The initiative is seen as a response to shortcomings in the current defense system and aims to enhance Europe's defense autonomy [4] - The recent drone incidents in Poland and other European countries have highlighted the inefficiencies of existing air defense systems against low-cost, highly mobile drone threats [4] Structural Challenges - There are three structural dilemmas facing European defense autonomy: reliance on US security versus the desire for defense independence, financial constraints on defense spending, and the potential for short-term stimulus effects to overshadow long-term strategic needs [6][7] - To achieve true defense autonomy, European countries would need to increase defense spending to 5% to 7% of GDP, which is challenging given current economic conditions [6]