紫禁城规划思想与古代中国：读懂故宫里的时空智慧

Core Insights - The article discusses the unique Chinese perspective on the integration of time and space, rooted in ancient agricultural practices and the need for precise time measurement to ensure stable harvests [2][3]. Group 1: Historical Context - Archaeological evidence from sites like the Hebei Wuan Cishan and Zhejiang Liangzhu indicates that ancient Chinese people were able to manage time and space effectively during the Neolithic era, leading to agricultural surpluses and the construction of large urban and irrigation systems [2]. - The ancient Chinese developed a calendar system based on celestial observations, which included measuring the sun's shadow during the day and observing star patterns at night to guide agricultural activities [2]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - The article highlights that in Chinese culture, time serves as a "planner" for space, with different seasons corresponding to specific directions and cultural meanings, which have been passed down through generations [3]. - The layout of the Forbidden City exemplifies this time-space relationship, with specific buildings and their orientations reflecting seasonal changes and cultural values, such as the placement of the Taihe Hall and its surrounding structures [3]. Group 3: Modern Relevance - The time and space measurement systems that supported ancient Chinese agricultural civilization have been recognized globally, with the 24 solar terms being listed as a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016 [6]. - In the context of globalization and technological advancement, the time-space concepts embodied in the Forbidden City and broader Chinese culture are increasingly viewed as valuable [6].