三位诺奖新得主，为自身免疫性疾病带来“革命性希望”

Core Insights - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2025 has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance, specifically identifying regulatory T cells (Tregs) as key components of the immune system [1][2] - The findings have laid the groundwork for a new research field and have the potential to lead to therapies for autoimmune diseases, cancer treatment, and prevention of severe complications post-stem cell transplantation [1][2] Group 1 - Tregs are immune suppressor cells whose dysfunction is linked to autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, providing theoretical support for understanding these complex diseases [2] - Research indicates that Tregs can mitigate organ transplant rejection and may offer revolutionary hope for treating infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis by modulating immune responses [2][3] Group 2 - The identification of Tregs dates back to the 1990s when Shimon Sakaguchi first recognized a subset of T cells carrying the CD25 molecule, establishing the link between Treg deficiency and various autoimmune diseases [2] - In 2000, Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell elucidated the molecular markers of Tregs, such as the FOXP3 gene, and their association with human IPEX syndrome [2] Group 3 - Current clinical trials involving Tregs exceed 200, with promising results such as a study set to be published in December 2024 in "Med," demonstrating excellent outcomes from adoptive Treg therapy in kidney transplantation over a seven-year period [3] - The rapid advancement in this field is expected to lead to more treatment options beyond conventional immunosuppressants or antibody therapies, including the use of Treg cells for autoimmune disease treatment [3]