他们找到调控人体免疫系统的“秘密武器”！解读2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

Core Insights - The article discusses the groundbreaking research on "peripheral immune tolerance" by Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, which has led to their joint award of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [1][3][10] - Their findings reveal how the immune system avoids attacking its own tissues, highlighting the role of regulatory T cells in maintaining immune balance and preventing autoimmune diseases [3][9] Group 1: Research Breakthroughs - The research challenges the previous consensus that immune tolerance primarily relies on "central tolerance" in the thymus, introducing the concept of regulatory T cells as a crucial component in peripheral immune tolerance [5][7] - Brunkow and Ramsdell identified a mutation in the Foxp3 gene in a mouse model that leads to severe autoimmune diseases, establishing a link between this gene and the function of regulatory T cells [5][7] - Sakaguchi later connected these findings, demonstrating that Foxp3 is essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells, which are vital for preventing systemic autoimmune responses [7][9] Group 2: Clinical Implications - The research has significant implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer, with therapies based on regulatory T cells being actively explored for conditions like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis [9][10] - The work of these scientists has paved the way for advancements in organ transplantation, potentially leading to more successful procedures by understanding immune tolerance mechanisms [9][10]