发现免疫系统的“维和部队”

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to American scientists Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms [4][5] - Their work has significantly advanced the understanding of how the immune system operates, particularly in preventing it from attacking the body's own organs, which has implications for autoimmune diseases and related research [4][6] Group 1: Award Details - The three scientists will share a prize of 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 1.17 million USD) [5] - The discoveries made by the laureates are considered major foundational findings with clinical significance [4][8] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - Shimon Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells, which play a crucial role in preventing the immune system from attacking the body, thus maintaining immune tolerance [6][7] - Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell identified the key role of the Foxp3 gene in regulating T cells, which is essential for understanding immune tolerance [7][8] Group 3: Clinical Implications - The findings open new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases, enhancing cancer therapies, and preventing organ transplant rejection [6][7] - Despite the promising discoveries, challenges remain in developing clinical applications due to the complexity and heterogeneity of Foxp3 and regulatory T cells [8]