唠科｜避免人体“内战”的免疫“安全卫士”——2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果解读

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientists for their groundbreaking discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance, which have significant implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer [10][13]. Group 1: Key Discoveries - The three laureates, Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, identified regulatory T cells that prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own cells, thus avoiding "internal wars" within the immune system [8][13]. - Sakaguchi's research in 1995 established that regulatory T cells are a special subset of T cells that protect against autoimmune diseases [14][16]. - Brunkow and Ramsdell's 2001 study linked mutations in the FOXP3 gene to rare autoimmune diseases, highlighting its critical role in the development of regulatory T cells [17][20]. Group 2: Clinical Implications - The discoveries have opened a new research field in peripheral immune tolerance, which could advance treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation [10][13]. - Current data indicates that autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, affect approximately 10% of the population, underscoring the clinical significance of these findings [24].