科普｜让量子现象“肉眼可见”——2025年诺贝尔物理学奖成果解读

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their groundbreaking discoveries that allow visibility of quantum phenomena previously confined to the microscopic realm, laying a solid foundation for the next generation of quantum technologies [1][2] Group 1: Experimental Achievements - The awarded scientists conducted pioneering experiments at the University of California, Berkeley, demonstrating a phenomenon where all charged particles in superconductors exhibit coordinated behavior, akin to a single particle [2] - Their experiments showcased macroscopic quantum tunneling, where a system initially trapped in a zero-voltage state successfully escaped to produce a measurable voltage, confirming the quantum nature of the system [2][3] Group 2: Historical Context - Quantum mechanics, established in 1925, has evolved over a century, becoming a cornerstone of modern physics, with the recent Nobel Prize achievements building on a century of scientific exploration [3] - The concept of quantum tunneling was first theorized by George Gamow in 1928, which laid the groundwork for its application in nuclear physics, leading to further studies in superconductivity [3] Group 3: Future Implications - The Nobel Prize committee highlighted that the recent achievements open doors to the development of next-generation quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors [4] - International collaboration is emphasized as crucial for advancing research in quantum mechanics, with many significant breakthroughs resulting from global partnerships [4][5]