70年前的今天，钱学森回国！

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the 70th anniversary of Qian Xuesen's return to China, highlighting his significant contributions to China's aerospace industry and his unwavering determination to return to his homeland despite facing severe challenges and restrictions during his time in the United States [1][4][6]. Group 1: Qian Xuesen's Journey - Qian Xuesen was detained in the U.S. for five years under false accusations, during which he faced inhumane treatment but remained resolute in his desire to return to China [1][4]. - His letter written on cigarette paper in 1955 expressed his longing to return and contribute to China's development, which eventually reached Premier Zhou Enlai [4][6]. - Qian Xuesen returned to China on October 8, 1955, after extensive diplomatic efforts [4]. Group 2: Contributions to Aerospace - After returning, Qian Xuesen played a crucial role in establishing and planning China's rocket and space programs, utilizing his expertise in aerodynamics and rocket engines [6][8]. - Under his leadership, China's first missile, Dongfeng-1, was successfully launched on November 5, 1960, marking the beginning of China's missile program [8]. - By 1966, China successfully conducted the "two bombs and one satellite" tests, becoming the fifth country capable of delivering nuclear weapons via its own missiles [8]. Group 3: Legacy in Manned Spaceflight - Qian Xuesen's pivotal input led to the initiation of the manned space program, known as the "921 Project," which officially started in September 1992 [9]. - The successful launch of Shenzhou 5 in 2003 marked a significant milestone, with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut in space [9][11]. - Qian Xuesen continued to be a source of inspiration for astronauts, with each returning astronaut visiting him to share their achievements [11][12]. Group 4: Lasting Impact - The article emphasizes that the success of China's aerospace endeavors is rooted in Qian Xuesen's long-standing dedication and contributions, which opened new horizons for the nation's space exploration [14].