在分子世界里建造“房子”——2025年诺贝尔化学奖解读

Core Insights - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to scientists for their pioneering contributions to the development of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) [1] Group 1: Historical Development - Richard Robson's inspiration for molecular architecture came from a classroom activity in 1974, leading to the self-assembly of molecular structures [2] - In 1989, Robson published a paper predicting the potential of molecular networks, which opened the door to the field of molecular architecture [2] - In the 1990s, Satoshi Kitagawa developed a two-dimensional molecular material that could accommodate acetone molecules, showcasing a new design philosophy [3] Group 2: Advancements in MOF Technology - Kitagawa's team created a three-dimensional MOF structure in 1997 that could adsorb and release gases without deformation, establishing the scientific foundation for MOFs [3] - Omar Yaghi coined the term "Metal-Organic Framework" in 1995, defining the structure composed of metal nodes and organic ligands [4] - Yaghi's development of MOF-5 in 1999 demonstrated a highly stable framework with a surface area equivalent to a football field, significantly enhancing gas adsorption capabilities [4] Group 3: Applications and Future Potential - Thousands of MOFs have been designed for applications in carbon capture, air purification, drug delivery, and energy storage [4] - MOFs are also being utilized in semiconductor manufacturing for capturing or decomposing toxic gases, indicating their vast potential [4]