从宏观尺度揭示量子特性——2025年诺贝尔物理学奖解读

Core Insights - The Nobel Prize in Physics this year recognizes the successful observation of quantum tunneling phenomena at a macroscopic scale, contrasting with the previously studied microscopic effects [1][4] - The research focuses on the behavior of Cooper pairs in superconductors, which exhibit coordinated movement, allowing for resistance-free flow of electricity [2][3] Group 1: Quantum Tunneling and Superconductivity - Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles can pass through barriers, observable in superconductors where all charged particles move in unison, resembling a single particle [1][2] - The concept of Cooper pairs is central to superconductivity, where electrons pair up and lose individual characteristics, allowing them to be treated as a unified quantum system [2][3] Group 2: Advancements in Quantum Physics - The experiments conducted by the Nobel laureates have pushed quantum effects from microscopic systems to macroscopic systems, involving billions of Cooper pairs [3] - The findings have implications for the understanding of quantum mechanics and pave the way for advancements in quantum technologies such as quantum encryption, computing, and sensing [4]