于变局中开新局：从“十四五”的韧性答卷到“十五五”的战略启航

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" has shown significant progress and achievements, with China's economy demonstrating resilience amid a complex international environment, contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth [1][2] - The focus on innovation-driven strategies has led to increased fiscal spending on technology, with national technology expenditure expected to reach 5.5 trillion yuan, a 34% increase from the previous plan [2][3] - The upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" will emphasize quality over quantity, with a strategic focus on technological innovation, digital transformation, and enhancing domestic demand [5][6] Economic Performance - China's economic output has consistently increased, with manufacturing value added exceeding 30 trillion yuan annually, maintaining its position as the world's leading manufacturing nation for 15 years [1] - Key indicators such as urbanization rate, life expectancy, and comprehensive production capacity for food and energy have surpassed expectations [1] Innovation and Technology - The intensity of R&D investment has risen from 2.4% to 2.68%, with tax reductions for innovation and advanced manufacturing totaling 3.6 trillion yuan [2] - The cultivation of 14,600 specialized "little giant" enterprises has strengthened the resilience and security of China's industrial supply chain [2] Industrial Upgrading - The transition from "modernization" to "advancement" in the industrial system is crucial, focusing on digital, green, and service-oriented transformations in manufacturing [3] - The plan aims to enhance China's position in the global value chain through high-end, intelligent, and green upgrades of traditional industries [3] Domestic Demand and Investment - Expanding domestic demand is key, with policies aimed at increasing disposable income and improving social security systems to stimulate consumption [3] - Investment will prioritize technology innovation, new infrastructure, energy conservation, and addressing social needs [3] Regional Development - Addressing regional imbalances is essential for modernizing the economy, with tailored policies based on regional resources and advantages [4] - Infrastructure development will facilitate the orderly transfer of populations and industries, enhancing internal development dynamics [4] Global Engagement - High-level openness will shift from factor-driven to institutional openness, focusing on quality and active participation in global governance [4] - China's large market is positioned as an opportunity for global cooperation, enhancing its competitive edge [4]