California’s ‘impossible’ dream of ending fossil fuels isn’t working, and now it’s looking at price spikes and shortages

Core Insights - California is facing a potential spike in fuel prices due to upcoming oil refinery shutdowns, including a significant fire at a Chevron plant, which may force the state to increase oil imports from Asia [1][2][5]. Refinery Closures - The closures of Phillips 66's Los Angeles refinery and Valero Energy's Benicia refinery could eliminate nearly 20% of California's refining capacity, leading to potential fuel shortages [2][14]. - Phillips 66's Los Angeles refinery is set to close by the end of 2023, while the Benicia complex is expected to shut down by the end of April 2024 [3][11]. Price Implications - Gasoline prices in California are already the highest in the nation at $4.66 per gallon, significantly above the national average and Houston's average [8]. - Jet fuel prices have increased by approximately 13% since the Chevron fire, with larger gasoline price hikes anticipated next year [7][8]. Regulatory Environment - California's government is reconsidering its regulatory stance to keep refineries operational after years of policies that have negatively impacted their profitability [2][10]. - The state has delayed planned price caps for refiners by five years, which were initially adopted in response to soaring prices in 2022 [9]. Supply and Demand Dynamics - California's gasoline demand is currently at 874,000 barrels per day, while refining capacity will drop to 740,000 barrels daily after Phillips 66's closure, creating a significant supply gap [14]. - The state's jet fuel demand of 176,000 barrels per day will exceed capacity by 146,000 barrels daily by the end of this year [15]. Import Dependencies - California will increasingly rely on imports from Asian countries such as South Korea, Singapore, Japan, India, and the Middle East to meet its fuel needs, which will likely increase costs and vulnerability to supply disruptions [16][17][18]. - Recent trends show California's petroleum product imports have risen to nearly 300,000 barrels per day, with expectations for further increases in the coming years [17].