固态电池和现在的锂电池有什么区别？

Group 1: Lithium-ion Battery Overview - Lithium-ion batteries are essential for modern society, powering everything from smartphones to electric vehicles [1] - The global sales of lithium-ion batteries exceed $45 billion annually, with projections to surpass $100 billion in the next decade [2] - The development of lithium-ion batteries has been significantly influenced by key figures such as M. Stanley Whittingham, John B. Goodenough, and Akira Yoshino, who contributed to advancements in battery chemistry and performance [2] Group 2: Safety Concerns - Lithium-ion batteries face safety risks due to the presence of liquid electrolytes, which can lead to thermal runaway and potential explosions [3][4] - The degradation of battery components over time results in reduced performance, including decreased discharge power and increased internal resistance [3] Group 3: Solid-state Battery Technology - Solid-state batteries eliminate the use of liquid electrolytes, significantly enhancing safety by removing the source of thermal runaway [7] - The solid electrolyte's high mechanical modulus can physically suppress lithium dendrite growth, reducing the risk of internal short circuits [7] - Solid-state batteries offer advantages in energy density and size, allowing for smaller and lighter battery designs compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries [8] Group 4: Technological Developments - There are four main technological routes for solid-state batteries: polymer electrolytes, sulfide electrolytes, oxide electrolytes, and halide electrolytes, each with unique characteristics and challenges [8] - Major automotive companies in China, such as BYD, GAC, and Changan, have announced timelines for the deployment of solid-state batteries, targeting the years 2026 to 2030 [8]