How economic development ambitions and a global tech war are shaping the rise of resource nationalism

Increasing the state's stake in mining operations has been one of the tools governments have used to gain more control over their countries’ natural resources. UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2025 notes this shift in extractive industries, outlining that “measures less favourable to investors primarily consisted of foreign equity restrictions and tightened permit requirements”.“Countries are saying, it is not good enough to come and extract a resource from here, but you also need to invest in the processin ...