诺贝尔经济学奖获得者阿吉翁曾说过什么？

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [1] - Aghion's work, particularly the Aghion-Howitt model based on "creative destruction," has reintegrated Schumpeter's economic growth paradigm into mainstream macroeconomic theory [1] Group 1: Nobel Prize Winners - Joel Mokyr received half of the prize for identifying prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement [1] - Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt jointly received the other half for their theoretical work on achieving sustained growth through creative destruction [1] - Aghion is recognized as a leading figure in economic growth theory and has been a strong candidate for the Nobel Prize for years [1] Group 2: Economic Theories and Policies - The concept of "creative destruction," originally proposed by economist Schumpeter, suggests that large-scale innovations replace outdated technologies and production systems [4] - Aghion emphasizes the importance of government support in helping employees and businesses adapt to new economic environments, particularly through education, training, and income insurance [4] - Aghion's analysis of the "Danish model" highlights how effective social protection can mitigate the negative impacts of job loss, contrasting it with the less supportive system in the U.S. [4] Group 3: U.S. Economic Measures - The Biden administration has attempted to address economic challenges through a series of relief measures, but the lack of a robust social safety net remains a significant issue [6] - Aghion notes that the U.S. needs to rethink its social system to better protect individuals from unemployment and economic crises [6] - There is a potential shift in American attitudes towards social welfare, especially following the pandemic, which may create opportunities for new social safety measures [7] Group 4: European Innovation Challenges - Aghion points out that Europe is underinvesting in innovation and needs to unite to promote large-scale projects [8] - He criticizes Europe's regulatory environment for being overly focused on preventing anti-competitive practices rather than fostering investment [8] - The current crisis has highlighted Europe's inefficiencies in innovation, indicating a need for a more proactive investment approach [8]