诺奖三剑客破解持续增长谜题，技术创新与开放是“王道”

Core Viewpoint - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt emphasizes the importance of maintaining the mechanisms behind creative destruction to ensure sustained economic growth, highlighting that economic growth is not a given and requires active support [1][4]. Group 1: Contributions of Nobel Laureates - Mokyr's research focuses on the internal logic of sustained growth, categorizing "useful knowledge" into propositional knowledge and procedural knowledge, emphasizing the need for a virtuous cycle of innovation [5][6]. - Aghion and Howitt transformed Schumpeter's theory of "creative destruction" into a rigorous mathematical model, illustrating the dual nature of innovation that both creates and destroys market dynamics [6][7]. Group 2: Challenges to Sustained Growth - Historical analysis shows that despite significant innovations, sustained economic growth was elusive until the last two centuries, with the current economic model being influenced by technological advancements [4][5]. - Aghion warns of the threats posed by protectionist measures and the need for open markets to facilitate economic growth, as these barriers can hinder the necessary exchange of ideas and technologies [7][8]. Group 3: Implications of AI and Technological Change - Aghion highlights that AI could significantly accelerate the process of creative destruction, making innovation more accessible and presenting vast growth potential [7][8]. - The need for well-designed competition policies is crucial to prevent dominant firms from stifling future innovations, as seen in the tech industry [7][8]. Group 4: Policy Recommendations - Aghion suggests that to maximize productivity gains from technological advancements, robust institutional frameworks, including education and labor market policies, are essential [8][9]. - The Nobel Prize serves as a reminder of the critical role of technological innovation in driving economic growth, especially in the context of current global economic challenges [9]. Group 5: Prize Distribution - The total prize amount of 11 million Swedish Krona will be split, with Mokyr receiving half for his contributions to understanding the conditions for sustained growth through technological progress, while Aghion and Howitt will share the other half for their theoretical work on creative destruction [11][12].