行走江河看中国｜治淮75年：从“人海战术”到智慧调度

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the transformation of the Huai River management from passive defense to proactive control, showcasing advancements in technology and engineering over the past 75 years, which have significantly improved flood management and water resource allocation [1][2][4]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Huai River was historically known as one of the most difficult rivers to manage in China, with an average of 94 floods every century from the 16th century until the founding of the People's Republic of China [2]. - The management approach relied heavily on manpower, exemplified by the 1991 flood disaster where temporary shelters were set up for displaced residents, and flood control was primarily reactive [2]. Group 2: Engineering Developments - The Huai River basin has seen the construction of over 8,600 reservoirs, 86,000 kilometers of levees, and more than 40,000 sluices, forming a comprehensive flood control system capable of withstanding the largest floods since the establishment of New China [2][4]. - The completion of the Huayuan Lake flood control gate in 2020 marked a shift from uncontrolled flooding to managed flow, enhancing flood control capabilities [3]. Group 3: Technological Innovations - The implementation of the "Four Preventions" system (forecasting, early warning, drills, and plans) has become a core operational system for flood management, achieving a maximum flow forecasting error of less than 10% [4]. - The system successfully predicted the maximum water level of Hongze Lake at 13.60 meters with an error of only 3 centimeters, demonstrating the effectiveness of advanced forecasting techniques [4]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The integration of digital technologies and AI in river management is expected to enhance efficiency and precision, moving towards a more scientific and comprehensive management approach [5][6]. - The ongoing development of digital twin technologies for river basins and water networks aims to further improve water resource management and flood control strategies [6].