新报告：全球预期寿命比1950年水平高出20多岁

Core Insights - The latest "Global Burden of Disease" report published by The Lancet indicates a significant decline in global age-standardized mortality rates, with life expectancy in 2023 being over 20 years higher than in 1950 [1] - The report, led by Christopher Murray and a network of over 16,000 global researchers, assessed data from 1990 to 2023 across 375 diseases and injuries, as well as 88 risk factors, covering 204 countries and regions [1] Group 1 - The report highlights a 67% reduction in age-standardized mortality rates across the 204 countries and regions compared to 1950 [1] - In 2023, global life expectancy for women is approximately 76.3 years and for men is about 71.5 years, showing a significant increase of over 20 years since 1950 [1] - There are notable regional disparities in life expectancy, with high-income regions averaging around 83 years, while sub-Saharan Africa has an average life expectancy of only 62 years [1] Group 2 - The report indicates a substantial decline in global infant mortality rates, with East Asia experiencing a 68% decrease in under-five mortality from 2011 to 2023, attributed to improved nutrition, vaccination, and strengthened health systems [2] - However, there is an upward trend in mortality rates among young populations, particularly in North America and Latin America, where the main causes are suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol abuse [2] - The leading causes of death are shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases, with ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes being the top three [2] Group 3 - The report emphasizes that nearly half of the global disease burden is preventable, linked to 88 risk factors such as hypertension, air pollution, smoking, and obesity [2] - The rapid growth of the aging population and changing risk factors are creating a new era of global health challenges, prompting calls for urgent responses from governments and health leaders [2]