瞭望｜加速固态电池产业化

Core Viewpoint - The competition between semi-solid and all-solid-state batteries represents a choice of industrial priorities, with semi-solid batteries being more pragmatic for the current Chinese market, while all-solid-state batteries focus on future performance and align with the technological breakthrough strategies of Japanese and Korean battery manufacturers [1][5]. Industry Overview - Solid-state batteries are considered the core technology direction for the next generation of lithium batteries, offering greater energy density, significantly improved range, enhanced safety, and better adaptability in extreme environments, making them suitable for applications in electric vehicles, low-altitude economy, and consumer electronics [2]. Challenges in Commercialization - The large-scale application of solid-state batteries faces several challenges, including material technology bottlenecks, engineering mass production issues, and high costs. The industrialization of solid-state batteries requires multi-dimensional collaboration, including policy support, innovation in materials and processes, and expansion of application scenarios to drive down costs and achieve commercialization [3][11]. Technical Routes - The mainstream solid-state electrolyte materials include sulfides, halides, oxides, and polymer electrolytes, each with its advantages and disadvantages. The current trend shows that all-solid-state batteries primarily use sulfide and halide composite electrolytes, while semi-solid batteries often utilize oxide and polymer composite electrolytes, which are more cost-effective and easier to industrialize [4][5]. Manufacturing Difficulties - The manufacturing of all-solid-state batteries is complex, requiring advanced processes such as dry electrode technology and precise stacking techniques. The production process is sensitive to environmental conditions, necessitating high automation and stringent control measures to ensure quality and efficiency [10][11]. Policy and Financial Support - The Chinese government is actively promoting the development of solid-state batteries, with significant funding allocated for research projects aimed at achieving commercial viability by 2027. This includes support for both semi-solid and all-solid-state battery technologies, with a focus on achieving price parity and expanding market penetration [13][14]. Industry Collaboration - There is a need for enhanced communication and cooperation among upstream raw material suppliers, midstream battery manufacturers, and downstream customers to jointly develop suitable battery products for various application scenarios, thereby fostering the growth of the solid-state battery industry [16].