“十四五”中国中小金融机构改革化险交出“扎实答卷”

Core Viewpoint - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's banking industry has actively planned for transformation and promoted high-quality development while enhancing risk prevention capabilities and effectively mitigating financial risks [1][2]. Summary by Sections Achievements in Reform and Risk Mitigation - The reform and risk mitigation efforts of small and medium-sized financial institutions have shown significant results, with a notable increase of over 40% in the disposal of non-performing assets compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [2]. - The total capital and provisions for risk resistance in the industry have exceeded 50 trillion yuan [2]. - The number of high-risk small banks has significantly decreased, with some provinces achieving a "dynamic zero" of high-risk institutions [2]. Regulatory Approach and Strategies - The regulatory approach has shifted from passive response to proactive measures, emphasizing systematic, coordinated, and forward-looking characteristics in the reform and risk mitigation of small financial institutions [2]. - The implementation of tailored strategies such as "one province, one policy" and "one institution, one policy" has been crucial in addressing local conditions and avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach [2][3]. Specific Risk Mitigation Measures - For institutions with relatively light risks and self-rescue capabilities, measures include strengthening internal controls, supplementing capital, and optimizing ownership structures [3]. - Institutions with heavier risks but still salvageable are being revitalized through strategic investors and mergers [3]. - Institutions that are insolvent are being exited from the market in an orderly manner to prevent further risk spread [3]. Mergers and Market Exits - Mergers and restructuring have become the primary means of risk disposal, with over 100 institutions in the village and town bank sector participating in restructuring efforts [3]. - Market exits are being conducted under market-oriented and legal principles, with dozens of village banks in various provinces approved for dissolution or cancellation since 2024 [3]. Protection of Depositors and Stability - Throughout the risk disposal process, the principle of protecting depositors' interests has been upheld, ensuring social stability and financial security [4]. - The effective operation of the deposit insurance system and coordination among various government levels have facilitated smooth transitions in most risk institution disposals, avoiding systemic risks [4]. Future Recommendations - It is suggested that policies should promote the simultaneous advancement of risk disposal and transformation development for small financial institutions, enhancing governance and operational capabilities while supporting the healthy development of the real economy [5].