莫开伟：银行贷款业务缘何会成违规“重灾区”？

Core Viewpoint - The banking sector in China continues to face significant issues with loan-related violations, with a total of 997 penalties issued from January to September this year, amounting to 9.81 billion yuan, primarily due to non-compliance in credit operations [1][2]. Summary by Sections Regulatory Actions - The National Financial Supervision Administration has issued a total of 997 fines to various banking institutions, including state-owned banks and foreign banks, with a cumulative penalty amount of 9.81 billion yuan from January to September this year [1]. - Historical data shows a consistent trend of penalties over the years, with fines issued from 2020 to 2024 totaling 2894, 4027, 1235, 998, and 1533 respectively, indicating a persistent issue in the banking sector [2]. Reasons for Violations - Credit operations are central to banking performance and profitability, leading to increased pressure on banks to meet loan growth targets, which often results in lax internal controls and management practices [3]. - The scarcity of loan resources creates a competitive environment where banks may lower their lending standards, leading to increased instances of non-compliance [4]. - The presence of moral hazards among bank management, including corruption and collusion, exacerbates the issue, resulting in significant financial losses for banks [5]. Internal Control Failures - Weak internal controls and inadequate penalties for violations contribute to the persistence of loan-related misconduct, as banks prioritize business expansion over compliance [6][7]. - The lack of effective oversight and the tendency to overlook post-loan management have led to frequent violations and substantial fines [6]. Market Competition - Intense competition among banks, characterized by product homogeneity, has led to a focus on volume over compliance, resulting in frequent violations [9]. - Smaller banks, in particular, exhibit a tendency to prioritize scale over risk management, leading to a higher incidence of non-compliance [9]. External Influences - Local government pressures and the need to maintain relationships with authorities often compel banks to issue loans that may not meet compliance standards, further complicating the regulatory landscape [10]. Recommendations for Improvement - To address these issues, banks need to overhaul their internal control mechanisms, enhance the training and ethical standards of credit management personnel, and implement advanced monitoring technologies to track loan usage effectively [11][12][13].