专辑丨长端利率突破2%后的市场运行规律——基于跨国比较的经验研究

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the market dynamics following the long-term interest rates breaking below 2%, highlighting the asymmetric characteristics of this decline in developed economies and suggesting a potential shift towards a prolonged period of market fluctuations rather than a continuous downward trend [1][2]. Group 1: Long-term Interest Rate Trends - The global low-interest-rate environment has led to a rare long-term bull market in China's bond market, with the 10-year government bond yield dropping from 2.8% to below 2.0% in 2023, and even reaching 1.6% on January 6, 2025 [2]. - Historical data indicates that the decline in long-term interest rates in developed economies shows significant asymmetry, with the time taken to drop from 3% to 2% being shorter than from 2% to 1% [3]. - Japan's experience during the 1998 Asian financial crisis exemplifies this pattern, where the 10-year bond yield fell rapidly below 2% and 1%, followed by a prolonged period of fluctuation between 1% and 2% for seven years [3]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Rate Fluctuations - The rebound in interest rates during periods of fluctuation can be triggered by three main mechanisms: tightening monetary policy, better-than-expected economic data, and the siphoning effect from equity markets [4]. - Long-term interest rates face strong resistance when approaching the 1% threshold, often requiring specific catalysts such as major economic crises or significant external shocks to break below this level [5]. Group 3: Constraints on Long-term Rates - The zero lower bound on policy interest rates constrains monetary policy effectiveness, as negative interest rates have not been widely adopted due to their adverse effects on bank profitability and financial stability [6][8]. - The rigidity of the term premium, which compensates for risks associated with long-term bonds, limits further declines in long-term interest rates, as it is influenced by structural factors and market expectations [10][11]. Group 4: Implications for Investment Strategies - As long-term interest rates drop below 2%, institutional investors may be forced to adjust their asset allocation strategies, often increasing their exposure to riskier assets or seeking higher yields through cross-border investments [12][14]. - The article suggests that the traditional analysis framework for bond markets may need to be revised, focusing more on financial institutions' asset-liability matching and central bank balance sheet operations rather than solely on traditional economic variables [18][19].