印研究报告：日照时数持续下降，印度面临“阳光危机”

Core Insights - A recent study by multiple Indian research institutions indicates a significant decline in sunlight hours across India over the past 30 years, impacting energy, agriculture, and public health sectors [1][3] Energy Sector - The reduction in sunlight hours poses challenges for India's energy strategy, particularly for solar power, which is a cornerstone of the country's climate and energy policy [5] - Solar energy accounts for nearly 47% of India's renewable energy installed capacity, with a target to reach 500 GW by 2030 [5] - As of early 2025, India's cumulative solar installed capacity is projected to exceed 100 GW, but decreasing sunlight due to pollution threatens this foundation [5] Agriculture Sector - The decline in sunlight is adversely affecting agriculture, especially in regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, where farmers report slower crop growth and increased risks of fungal diseases [5] - Estimates suggest that in severely affected areas, staple crop yields could decrease by over 30% [5] Public Health - Insufficient sunlight is believed to impact human hormone levels and circadian rhythms, leading to decreased alertness and disrupted sleep cycles [5] - Psychological issues such as fatigue, anxiety, seasonal affective disorder, and vitamin D deficiency are associated with reduced sunlight exposure [5] Environmental Context - The phenomenon of declining sunlight is attributed to increased aerosol particles and thicker cloud cover, exacerbated by severe air pollution in India [4] - India ranks among the top ten countries globally for pollution severity, driven by rapid urbanization and industrial growth [4] International Comparisons - Similar issues of reduced sunlight due to industrial emissions have been observed in Europe, which experienced a recovery in sunlight hours following the implementation of environmental policies in the late 1990s [6] - China has also reversed its trend of declining sunlight through strict environmental regulations, providing a potential model for India [6]