中国邮政储蓄银行研究员娄飞鹏：“十四五”时期 我国银行业高质量发展成效突出

Core Viewpoint - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's financial industry has achieved significant accomplishments centered around serving the real economy, deepening reform and opening up, and preventing financial risks, laying a solid foundation for becoming a financial powerhouse [1] Group 1: Financial Industry Development - The banking sector has shifted from merely pursuing rapid asset and liability growth to focusing on capital returns, asset quality, and operational efficiency, with non-interest income increasing from 21.04% to 25.75% from 2020 to 2025 [2] - The total assets of China's banking industry grew from 312.67 trillion yuan at the end of 2020 to 459.04 trillion yuan by July 2025, maintaining the largest scale globally [2] Group 2: Differentiated Operations - China's banking industry is characterized by a large number of institutions, with 143 Chinese banks listed among the top 1000 globally by tier-one capital, and 6 out of the top 10 being Chinese banks [3] - Large commercial banks focus on comprehensive and international services, while regional banks like city commercial banks and rural commercial banks concentrate on local services and small enterprises [3] Group 3: Financial Opening and Risk Prevention - By the end of 2023, 888 foreign banking institutions from 52 countries had established operations in China, with 43 of the world's top 50 banks having a presence in the country [4] - The banking sector has effectively managed financial risks through reforms and restructuring of smaller financial institutions, increasing the total capital and provisions for risk management to over 50 trillion yuan [4] Group 4: High-Quality Financial Services - The balance of loans from financial institutions increased from 178.4 trillion yuan at the end of 2020 to 273.02 trillion yuan by August 2025, indicating a strong growth in loan issuance [5] - The average interest rate on RMB loans decreased from 5.03% in December 2020 to 3.29% in June 2025, resulting in a total benefit to the real economy exceeding 5 trillion yuan from 2021 to 2024 [6] Group 5: Future Outlook - The banking industry is expected to continue its transformation and development, with a focus on supporting national strategies, promoting green and low-carbon transitions, and enhancing financial risk management [7]