【史海回眸】诞生百年，“叛逆”理论在争议中改变世界

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to quantum physicists John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their discoveries in macroscopic quantum mechanics, marking the centenary of quantum mechanics' inception [1] Historical Context - Quantum theory was proposed by Max Planck in 1900, laying the foundation for quantum mechanics amidst skepticism from established scientists like Einstein [1][6] - The blackbody radiation problem highlighted the inadequacies of classical physics, leading to the development of quantum theory as a revolutionary approach to understanding energy quantization [2][3][4] Key Developments in Quantum Mechanics - Planck's introduction of the quantum concept, which posited that energy is quantized, created significant challenges for classical physics, which viewed energy as continuous [4][6] - Albert Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect in 1905 further advanced quantum theory, proposing the existence of light quanta (photons) and challenging classical interpretations [7][8][9] Impact on Technology and Industry - Quantum mechanics has been foundational in the development of modern technologies, including semiconductors, quantum computing, and quantum communication [11][12] - The invention of the transistor in 1947, derived from quantum mechanics principles, marked a pivotal shift from the electrical age to the information age, enabling advancements in computing and communication technologies [11][12]